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カビを知ろう

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正しく知って正しく防ぐ

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微生物を正しく知り、健全な住環境を未来へ

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現在確認されているカビは
なんと「8万種」以上！

その中には、食品を熟成させる有用なカビもあれば、建物や人体に悪影響を及ぼす種類も存在します。私たちの身の回りには目に見えない微生物が常に共存しており、その性質を正しく理解し、適切に管理することが求められます。一般社団法人微生物対策協会では、正しい知識を身に着け、カビによる健康被害をなくすために、検査による室内空気の「見える化」を進めています。目に見えないカビや細菌を数値として可視化し、科学的な根拠に基づいた環境改善を行うことで、安全で快適な住環境づくりを支援します。

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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一般社団法人微生物対策協会は、カビをはじめとする微生物のリスクを科学的に理解し、正しい知識と技術で制御することで、人と建物の健康を守る社会の実現を目指しています。見えない微生物を「見える化」し、データに基づいた検査・評価・対策を行うことで、住宅・医療・教育・福祉・食品など、あらゆる環境における衛生の質を高めます。私たちは、単なる除菌や清掃にとどまらず、“微生物と共存できる健全な環境づくり”を提唱します。そのために、専門家の育成や啓発活動を通じて、正しい知識の普及と持続可能な環境衛生文化の確立を推進しています。

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カビとバクテリア

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異なるメカニズム

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カビとは

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真菌と呼ばれる微生物

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カビは、真菌(しんきん)と呼ばれる微生物の一種です。大きさは1〜10ミクロンと極めて小さく、空気中や建材、家具、食品など、私たちの身の回りのあらゆる場所に存在しています。カビは、付着した素材から栄養を吸収し、酵素の力で物質を分解しながら成長します。湿気や温度、栄養分がそろうと急速に増殖し、表面に広がっていきます。鉄やプラスチックのような素材でさえ、表面の成分と反応して水分を得ることで生き延びることができます。こうしたカビの分解酵素は、においや汚れ、素材の劣化の原因にもなります。

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バクテリアとは

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核を持たない単細胞生物

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カビは一般的に湿度や温度などの環境条件に影響を受けやすく、建築物や食品表面で目に見える形で繁殖しますが、バクテリア(細菌)は原核生物(げんかくせいぶつ)であり、核を持たない単細胞生物です。分裂によって急速に増殖し、種類によっては人や動植物に感染したり、有用な発酵や分解に関与するなど多様な働きを持ちます。バクテリアは空気・水・土壌などあらゆる環境に存在し、肉眼では確認できません。

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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このように、「真核生物のカビ」と「原核生物のバクテリア」では、構造・増殖方法・生息環境のすべてが異なるため、それぞれに適した検査・対策が必要です。

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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カビが生える原因

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Cause of Growth

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環境条件の重なりがㅤカビ発生の引き金に

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湿度・温度・栄養源

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空気中に漂うカビの胞子が壁や天井などに付着し、湿度・温度・栄養源の条件がそろうと発生します。湿度が70％以上、温度が20〜30℃前後になると繁殖が活発になり、ホコリや皮脂、石けんカス、木材や紙などの有機物を栄養として成長します。結露しやすい窓際、押入れ、浴室、エアコン内部などはカビが特に好む環境です。カビを防ぐには、湿気を抑え、風通しをよくし、汚れをためないことが重要です。

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胞子放出

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成熟したカビは空気中に微細な胞子を放出します。

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付着

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浮遊した胞子が壁面・天井・家具などの表面に定着します。

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発芽

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付着した胞子は、温度・湿度・栄養条件が整うと発芽を開始

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成長

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菌糸は基質内部へ侵入し、分解酵素を分泌して有機物を栄養源として吸収します

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胞子形成

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成熟した菌糸の一部が分化し、再び胞子を形成します。

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季節別カビのリスク

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Seasonal Mold Risks

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季節

","

カビのリスク

","

カビが発生しやすい場所

","

カビ対策

"],["

春(3月～5月)

","

冬の結露カビの活性化。気温の上昇と共に胞子が発芽し、成長が加速します。春の長雨や多雨で湿度が高まりやすい時期でもあります。

","

窓枠、結露跡のある壁の裏側、冬服を片付けるクローゼットや押入れ（収納前の乾燥が必須）。

","

大掃除と換気。特に収納前に衣類を完全乾燥させる。

"],["

夏(6～8月)

","

カビ発生のピーク。梅雨と夏の高温多湿（特に湿度70%以上）がカビの生育に理想的となり、繁殖スピードが急激に向上します。

","

浴室、キッチンなどの水回り。エアコン内部（夏型過敏性肺炎の原因となるトリコスポロンなどのリスク増）。家具の裏、北側の部屋。

","

常時除湿（湿度60%以下）。エアコン使用後に送風運転で内部を乾燥させる。

"],["

秋(9月～10月)

","

梅雨・夏に次ぐリスク期。気温が20℃台の残暑と秋雨・台風による高湿度が続き、カビの増殖に適した環境です。夏のカビの残りが成長しきる時期でもあります。

","

衣替えで使う衣類（収納時の汚れや湿気でカビやすい）、押入れ、クローゼット。夏の間に酷使したエアコン内部

","

清掃と乾燥の徹底。夏に湿気を吸ったものを再度乾燥させ、収納し直す。

"],["

冬(12月～2月)

","

結露によるカビ。外気と室内の温度差が大きくなり、窓や壁に結露（水分）が発生しやすくなります。暖房の使用により、室温はカビの活動可能範囲に保たれます。

","

窓際、サッシ、北側の壁、家具の裏側（空気の対流がない場所）。換気不足の場所。

","

こまめな換気。窓やサッシの結露水を毎日拭き取り、水分源を断つ。

"]],"fixWidth":2,"rowHeight":"","rowHeadingBg":"#015eac","colHeadingBg":"","alternateColor":1,"verticalLine":1,"stylesSetting":{"boxShadow":"#000000","backgroundColor":"#000000"},"showHeadingType":1,"styles":{"boxShadow":"","backgroundColor":""},"designType":6}},{"id":14,"partsType":"Text","attributes":{"id":"","version":2025112500,"className":"","style":"","showPCView":true,"showSPView":true,"position":"left","containerWidth":"800px","containerFullSize":true,"paddingTop":"0px","paddingBottom":"90px","textColor":"","backgroundColor":"","backgroundImage":"","background":{"parallax":false,"repeat":"no-repeat","position":"50% 50%","size":"auto"},"fadein":"","anchor":"","parts":{},"title":"

テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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カビは一年中存在する脅威ですが、季節によってそのリスクの性質と発生しやすい場所が変わってきます。カビの増殖の最適条件は、温度20℃〜30℃、湿度70%以上です。日本の四季は、この条件に合致する時期が多く、特に注意が必要です。

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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人体への影響

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アレルギー・健康被害

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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カビは、その胞子や菌糸の破片、そしてカビが作り出す代謝産物（マイコトキシンなど）を通じて、人体に様々な悪影響を及ぼします。

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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主な原因：特定種類のカビ（真菌）が作り出す

","content":"

マイコトキシンは、特定種類のカビ（真菌）が作り出す二次代謝産物のうち、動物や人間に有害な作用を示す物質の総称です。これらはカビの種類や生育条件によって様々な種類が産生されます。

※【農林水産省】食品のかび毒に関する情報

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①

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マイコトキシンによる食中毒

","subtitle":"

主な原因：特定種類のカビ（真菌）が作り出す

","content":"

※【農林水産省】食品のかび毒に関する情報

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カビが生む毒素

","

主な食品

","

原因菌

","

特徴・毒性

"],["

アフラトキシン（Aflatoxin）

","

穀類、ピーナッツ、トウモロコシ、香辛料

","

アスペルギルス属

","

最も強い発がん性をもつマイコトキシン

主に肝臓を障害（肝がんのリスク上昇）

高温多湿の環境で発生しやすい
健康影響： 肝障害、発熱、倦怠感、発がん性

"],["

オクラトキシン（Ochratoxin）

","

コーヒー豆、穀類、乾燥果物、ワイン

","

アスペルギルス属、ペニシリウム属

","

腎臓毒性が強く、慢性的な摂取で腎障害を起こす発がん性も指摘されている
健康影響： 腎障害、免疫抑制、発がん性

"],["

トリコテセン類（Trichothecenes）

","

小麦、トウモロコシ、麦類

","

フザリウム属

","

熱に強く、加熱しても分解されにくい

たんぱく質合成を阻害し、消化器症状や出血を引き起こす
代表的毒素： デオキシニバレノール（DON）、T-2トキシン
健康影響： 吐き気、嘔吐、下痢、免疫低下

"],["

ゼアラレノン（Zearalenone）

","

トウモロコシ、大麦、小麦、大豆

","

フザリウム属

","

女性ホルモン（エストロゲン）様作用を持つ

家畜の繁殖障害や人のホルモンバランス異常を引き起こす
健康影響： ホルモン異常、月経不順、不妊症リスク

"],["

パツリン（Patulin）

","

りんご、りんごジュース、果実製品

","

ペニシリウム属、アスペルギルス属

","

果実の腐敗時に生成される毒素

神経毒性・腎毒性を持つ
健康影響： 嘔吐、胃腸障害、神経系への影響

"],["

シトリニン（Citrinin）

","

米、麦、チーズ、発酵食品

","

ペニシリウム属、モニリア属

","

腎臓に障害を与えるネフロトキシン（腎毒性）

オクラトキシンと共存することが多い
健康影響： 腎障害、免疫抑制

"],["

麦角アルカロイド（Ergot Alkaloids）

","

ライ麦、小麦、穀類

","

クロビセプス属

","

神経系・血管系に作用する強い毒性

昔のヨーロッパでは「聖アントニウスの火」と呼ばれた中毒症例が多発
健康影響： 痙攣、幻覚、末梢壊疽

"]],"fixWidth":2,"rowHeight":"","rowHeadingBg":"#015eac","colHeadingBg":"","alternateColor":1,"verticalLine":1,"stylesSetting":{"boxShadow":"#000000","backgroundColor":"#000000"},"showHeadingType":1,"styles":{"boxShadow":"","backgroundColor":""},"designType":6}},{"id":25,"partsType":"ImageText","attributes":{"id":"","version":2025112500,"className":"lin001","style":"","showPCView":true,"showSPView":true,"position":"left","containerWidth":"1200px","containerFullSize":true,"paddingTop":"60px","paddingBottom":"30px","textColor":"","backgroundColor":"ecf0f5","backgroundImage":"","background":{"parallax":false,"repeat":"no-repeat","position":"50% 50%","size":"auto"},"fadein":"","anchor":"","parts":{},"title":"","subtitle":"

主な原因：カビの胞子や菌糸片

","content":"

カビの胞子や菌糸の断片は、非常に小さく軽いため空気中に漂いやすく、これを吸い込むことでアレルギー反応を引き起こす主要な原因物質（アレルゲン）となります。

","index":"

①

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アレルギー疾患

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主な原因：カビの胞子や菌糸片

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シックハウス症候群・喘息

","

カビの胞子を吸入することで、気管支喘息やアレルギー性鼻炎などのアレルギー疾患が悪化したり、発症したりすることがあります。そしてカビ胞子はシックハウス症候群の原因の一つともなり得ます。

"],["

アレルギー性肺疾患

","

特定のカビを大量に吸い込むことで、夏型過敏性肺炎（日本の住宅で発生しやすい）などの過敏性肺炎を引き起こすことがあります。これは、カビに対するアレルギー反応が肺で起こり、重症化すると肺機能に影響を及ぼす可能性があります。

主な原因：カビの増殖

","content":"

カビが人体に侵入し、そこで増殖することで起こる病気です。

","index":"

①

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感染型真菌症

","subtitle":"

主な原因：カビの増殖

","content":"

カビが人体に侵入し、そこで増殖することで起こる病気です。

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白癬菌症

","

皮膚にカビ（白癬菌）が感染して起こる病気です。水虫やいんきんたむしなどが代表的で、かゆみ・皮むけ・赤みなどの症状が出ます。感染は浴場やタオルの共用などで広がり、抗真菌薬で治療します。清潔と乾燥を保つことが予防のポイントです。

"],["

深在性真菌症

","

カビ（真菌）が体の内部に入り込んで感染する病気で、肺・血液・臓器など深い部分に感染します。免疫力が低下している人に多く、発熱や咳、倦怠感などを引き起こし、重症化することもあり、治療には抗真菌薬の投与が必要です。

"]],"fixWidth":2,"rowHeight":"","rowHeadingBg":"","colHeadingBg":"#015eac","alternateColor":0,"verticalLine":1,"stylesSetting":{"boxShadow":"#000000","backgroundColor":"#000000"},"showHeadingType":1,"styles":{"boxShadow":"","backgroundColor":""},"designType":5}},{"id":52,"partsType":"Text","attributes":{"id":"","version":2025112500,"className":"img_bk02","style":".img_bk02{\nheight: 600px;\n}","showPCView":true,"showSPView":true,"position":"left","containerWidth":"800px","containerFullSize":true,"paddingTop":"30px","paddingBottom":"30px","textColor":"","backgroundColor":"","backgroundImage":"/storage/images/1/20251125113113.jpg","background":{"parallax":false,"repeat":"no-repeat","position":"50% 100%","size":"cover"},"fadein":"","anchor":"","parts":{"button":{"id":"","version":2025112500,"className":"","style":"","showPCView":true,"showSPView":true,"position":"left","containerWidth":"800px","containerFullSize":true,"paddingTop":"30px","paddingBottom":"30px","textColor":"","backgroundColor":"","backgroundImage":"","background":{"parallax":false,"repeat":"no-repeat","position":"50% 50%","size":"auto"},"fadein":"","anchor":"","label":"

カビ対策方法へ

","title":"

テキストテキストテキストテキスト

","subtitle":"

テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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カビを正しく知り、正しく防ぐ

カビは、私たちの身近な環境に常に存在し、建物の劣化や健康被害の原因となることがあります。一般社団法人微生物対策協会では、科学的根拠に基づいた検査と分析により、カビの発生要因を正確に把握し、再発を防ぐための最適な対策を提案しています。安全で清潔な室内環境を維持するためのカビ対策をご紹介します。

テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

","buttonLabel":"ボタン4","buttonLinkPath":"","buttonOpenWindow":false}],"designType":1,"linkPath":"/mold/mold-prevention"}},"title":"

テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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カビを正しく知り、正しく防ぐ

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役に立つカビ

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Beneficial Molds

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カビと聞くと「不衛生」「害」という印象を持たれがちですが、すべてのカビが悪いわけではありません。実は私たちの暮らしの中で、食文化・医療・環境保全に大きく貢献している“役立つカビ”が数多く存在します。ここでは、身近で役に立っているカビの種類とその働きをご紹介します。

テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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テキストテキストテキストテキスト

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食文化を支えるカビ

","subtitle":"

カビは発酵食品に欠かせない存在

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麹菌：味噌・醤油・日本酒をつくる発酵の主役。でんぷんやたんぱく質を分解してうま味を生み出します。

青カビ：ロックフォールチーズなど青カビチーズの熟成に利用され、香りや風味を豊かにします。

白カビ：カマンベールチーズを包む白い層をつくり、内部をまろやかに熟成させます。

このように、発酵カビは食材の保存性を高めるだけでなく、独自の香味成分を作り出し、食文化を支えています。

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医学・医薬分野で活躍するカビ

","subtitle":"

バイオテクノロジー

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ペニシリウム：抗生物質「ペニシリン」を生み出したカビ。感染症治療の歴史を変え、現在も多くの薬の開発に応用されています。
トリコデルマ：植物の根に共生し、病原菌の繁殖を防ぐカビ。化学農薬に代わる「生物農薬」として、環境にやさしい農業を支えています。
アスペルギルス・ニガー：クエン酸や酵素の生産に使われるカビ。飲料・医薬品・化粧品など、幅広い分野で利用されています。

このように、医療やバイオテクノロジー分野でもカビは重要な役割を担っており、人の健康や持続可能な産業の発展に貢献しています。

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地球環境を守るカビ

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ごみも汚れも分解

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アスペルギルス属・フサリウム属：土壌中で有機物を分解し、自然の循環を支えるカビ。中には石油やプラスチックを分解する種類もあり、環境浄化への応用が進んでいます。
黒色カビ（クリプトコッカスなど）：放射線を吸収して生きる珍しい性質を持ち、放射線対策や宇宙開発への利用が研究されています。

このように、環境分野のカビは「分解者」として自然をきれいに保つだけでなく、未来のエネルギー問題や環境再生のカギを握る存在として注目されています。

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